Investigatory Project Essay Example for Free

Investigatory Project Essay Soil is a complex mixture of inorganic materials with variable amounts of air and water. The inorganic materials includes clay, silt, sand, gravel and rocks. Soil is a variable mixture of minerals, inorganic matter, and water, making it capable of supporting plant life. But as the time passes by, problems arise in relevance to soil utilization such as erosion, floods, landslides and earthquake. So, the study of soil has been done by the land use planners to evaluate natural hazards and the soil capability through waste management, appropriateness for agriculture, wildlife, and for infrastructure. In India, Soil Erosion is among the leading areas of concern of the government. It affects cultivation and farming in the country in adverse and unfavorable ways. Soil erosion leads to deprivation of physical characteristics of soils and damages plants and crops. In India almost 130 million hectares of lands, that is 45% of total geographical surface area, is affected by serious soil erosion through gorge and gully, shifting cultivation, cultivated wastelands, sandy area, desserts, and water logging. Soil erosion by rain and rivers that takes place in hilly areas causes severe landslides and floods while cutting trees for agricultural implements, firewood and timber grazing by a large number of livestock ones and above the carrying capacity of grass lands, traditional agricultural practices, construction of roads, indiscriminate quarrying and other activities, have all led to the opening of hill-faces to extreme soil erosion. Soil erosion and desertification in the Philippines is greatly impacting the nation. 100 years ago at least 95% of the country was covered by lush rain forest. Over 15 years, from 1990 to 2005 the Philippines lost one third of its forest due to relentless logging. Although the desertification rate has dropped from 20% in the 1990’s to now a small percentage of two. Inhabitants of the Philippines have been around four thousand of years end with hundreds and hundreds of years of destructive agriculture.

Comparing Poems First Love, Amen and Porphyrias Lover :: English Literature

Comparing Poems First Love, Amen and Porphyrias Lover First love is a poem describing when a man falls in love for the first time. This poem is very well worded, with similes and adjectives. It describes how love takes over everything; your mind, your body, your soul. It hits you like a bullet, and stops you dead. â€Å"I ne’er was stuck before that hour with love so sudden and so sweet.† The poet describes at the beginning how he first noticed the woman’s beauty, and how at each second he gazed at her, the more mesmerising she became. â€Å"Her face it bloomed like a sweet flower and stole my heart away complete.† In a way, I think that the poet is trying to convince us that love is capable at first sight. He uses clever words and phrasing to make sure we are convinced. Still in the first stanza, he describes how the sighed of this woman froze him in his tracks. His muscles tensed, and his face lost colour. â€Å"My face turned pale as deadly pale, my legs refused to walk away.† Love drew him to a stop. In a way, that’s what I think the poet is trying to do. He’s trying to draw a picture of the uncomfortable feelings etc. I also think he’s done a good job. In the second stanza, it explains what happened after he looked away. He described it as he could not see anything, as the love had covered his eyes. He also explains how the blood suddenly rushes back into his face. â€Å"And then my blood rushed to my face and I took my sight away. The trees and bushed round the place seemed midnight at noonday.† In the second half of the second stanza, he talks of the joy he experienced from this sudden rush of love. He makes it that his heart began to sing. â€Å"I could not see a single thing, words from my heart did start; they spoke as chords do from the string and blood burnt around my heart.† In the last stanza, he talks about how he left his heart with her on that last day, and it never returned. â€Å"Amen† can be compared to â€Å"First Love† as more confusing and not as romantic. It is written in a different style, with different wording. Each verse starts with a question: â€Å"It is over. What is over?† â€Å"It is finished. What is finished?† â€Å"It suffices. What suffices?† It is hard to say whether this poem is about love itself, or her love for something, or even a love that she’s lost. Reading the first stanza three times made me realise the poem is about

Blood Pressure Among Youth Uae Health And Social Care Essay

Background and Aims: Young person is a vulnerable group for developing about all life-style related diseases. The present cross-sectional survey was conducted to measure the determiners of blood force per unit area among entry twelvemonth pupils in a medical university in Ajman, United Arab Emirates. Methods: One hundred and 10 pupils from Gulf Medical University, Ajman, UAE participated in the survey. A pretested structured questionnaire was used for informations aggregation. Predictive Analytic Software 17 was used for informations analysis. Chi-square trial, Univariate and multivariate logistic arrested development were used. Consequences: Variables such as baccy usage, continuance of slumber, Body Mass Index, and gender were considered to measure the association with blood force per unit area. The average age of the pupils was 19 old ages with a SD of 1.9 old ages. The average systolic and diastolic blood force per unit area was 113.5 ( SD 12. ) and 73.7 ( SD 11.2 ) severally with average BMI of 24.9 ( SD 5.7 ) . A statistically important association was observed between gender and blood force per unit area ( p & A ; lt ; 0.05 ) . The petroleum Odds Ratio ( OR ) observed for sleep continuance and blood force per unit area was found statistically important ( p & A ; lt ; 0.05 ) , but the adjusted OR was non statistically important. Of the participants who sleep for more than 6 hours, bulk ( 70 % ) have normal blood force per unit area. About half of the participants who slept for less than 6 hours have pre-hypertension and/ or high blood pressure. There was statistically important ( p & A ; lt ; 0.005 ) a ssociation between Body Mass Index ( BMI ) and blood force per unit area ( BP ) . The average BMI among those with normal BP was 23.25 kg/m2 with a SD of 4.6 and those with pre-hypertension and/ or high blood pressure was 27.6 kg/m2with a SD of 6.5. Decision: Gender and BMI are the important factors associated with Blood force per unit area. The findings may be used to make schemes to leave consciousness of the dangers of increased blood force per unit area among corpulent and non corpulent pupils.Introduction:High blood pressure is a major public wellness job of concern across the universe because of its association with increased hazard of cardiovascular diseases. Youth ( 15 to 24 old ages ) is an of import period of growing and ripening, and most of the alterations that occur during this period are continued into adulthood1. Essential high blood pressure may hold its beginnings in early life and its co-morbidities are surely a major load on resources, and they cut down the productiveness of those affected with hypertension2. Prospective surveies have established increased left ventricular mass and peripheral opposition, with high blood force per unit area in childhood3-4. Raised BP in childhood has been recognized as one of the most of import forecasters of grownup high blood pressure. This has generated an involvement among research workers to look into the form of blood force per unit area and its determiners in childhood and adolescence5-6. Several surveies have shown that the degree and form of blood force per unit area among kids and striplings vary from population to population7. Growth patterns, age and gender have strong influence on blood pressure7. It has been estimated that by 2010, 1.2 billion people will endure from high blood pressure worldwide8. The prevalence of high blood pressure norms 26 % and it affects about 125 million persons, in the Eastern Mediterranean Region9. The United Arab Emirates ( UAE ) is in a period of passage. Equally tardily as the 1960s mobile Bedouin Arabs were the population of UAE. The find of oil in 1970s has made a dramatic alteration in the demographic profile with exiles representing more than 80 % of the population and in the life style of its people. Now the UAE is a modern, affluent society, to a great extent influenced by Western life forms, including a sedentary life style with high Cardiovascular Diseases ( CVD ) hazard profiles10. Indeed, CVDs are known to be the taking cause of morbidity and mortality in the UAE among both the subjects and expatriates11. Of peculiar concern is the prevalence of fleshiness, which reaches about 24 % among medical students12 with reported high emphasis degrees ( 65 % ) , unhealthy diets ( 50 % ) and low degrees of physical activity ( 77 % ) which is possibly attributable to cultural and climatic restrictions13. Smoking has increased among men14-16. High blood pressure is besides comm on with a reported prevalence of 19-25 % 17, 15.3 % in urban and 10.6 % rural population 18. The 15-24 old ages age is an of import developmental phase in the life span of persons as it is a passage period to maturity. In Ajman, there is a deficiency of informations about determiners of high blood pressure among young person. This information is of import in be aftering life manner alterations. Therefore, the present survey was an effort to measure the determiners of blood force per unit area such as gender, academic programme in which enrolled, baccy usage, figure of repasts and BMI among pupils in a medical university in Ajman, United Arab Emirates.Methodology:This survey was conducted among entry twelvemonth pupils in a Medical University of Ajman, United Arab Emirates. Students enrolled in Medicine, Dental Medicine, and Allied ( Pharmacy and Physical Therapy ) academic programmes during the twelvemonth 2009-2010 were included in the survey. Among 160 entry degree pupils 110 pupils participated in the survey with a reponse rate of 69 % . Verbal consent was obtained from the participants before the survey. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed among them to obtain information on socio -demographic features, physical activity, wonts, diet history, day-to-day kiping wonts and household history of metabolic upsets. Their tallness, weight and blood force per unit area were recorded. The tallness was measured on a perpendicular graduated table with heels, natess, and occiput against the wall and caput in Frankfurt plane, to the nearest 0.5 centimeter. Weight was measured on a weighing graduated table with standard lower limit vesture to the nearest 0.5 kilogram. Body Mass Index was calculated utilizing the expression – weight ( in kilogram. ) divided by height2 ( in mtr. ) . Classification of BMI was done based on the World Health Organisation ( WHO ) criteria into three classs: normal ( BMI = 18.5-24.9 kg m-2 ) , fleshy ( BMI = 25-29.9 kg m-2 ) and corpulent ( BMI i‚? 30 kg m-2 ) . Blood force per unit area was measured by same squad and interpreted as per the blood force per unit area guidelines, issued in 2003 by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Ins titute as shown below19. Class Systolic Blood Pressure millimeter of Hg Diastolic Blood Pressure in millimeter of Hg Normal 120 less than 80 less than Prehypertension 139-120 89-80 1stage High blood pressure 159-140 99-90 2Hypertension phase 160 more than 100 more than Descriptive statistics such as agencies, standard divergence were used to sum up the quantitative variables. Proportions and per centums were used to sum up categorical variables. Chi-square trial examined the relationship between biological variables such as corpulence, fleshiness and non-biological factors. A p-value? 0.05 was considered as statistically important.Consequences:Table-1 Distribution of Blood Pressure harmonizing to different variables Variables Group Blood Pressure Entire Significance Normal Pre/Hypertension No.%No.%Gender Female 59 70.2 25 29.8 84 & A ; lt ; 0.05 Male 10 38.5 16 61.5 26 Program MBBS 28 54.9 23 45.1 51 Nitrogen Allied 24 77.4 7 22.6 31 Doctor of dental medicine 17 60.7 11 39.3 28 Sleep continuance & A ; lt ; 6 hour 20 50.0 20 50.0 40 & A ; lt ; 0.05 & A ; gt ; =6 hrs 49 70.0 21 30.0 70 Tobacco usage Yes 3 37.5 5 62.5 8 Nitrogen No 66 64.7 36 35.3 102 Number of repasts 2 repasts 35 61.4 22 38.6 57 Nitrogen & A ; gt ; 2 repasts 34 64.2 19 35.8 53 Body mass index & A ; lt ; =30 63 68.5 29 31.5 92 & A ; lt ; 0.005 & A ; gt ; 30 6 33.3 12 66.7 18 Table 1 shows the distribution of blood force per unit area harmonizing to different variables. With respect to gender, 29.8 % females and 61.5 % males were either pre-hypertensive or hypertensive. There was a statistically important association between gender and blood force per unit area ( p & A ; lt ; 0.05 ) . The association between continuance of slumber and blood force per unit area was found to be statistically important ( p & A ; lt ; 0.05 ) . 70 % of those who slept for 6 hours or more and 50 % of those who slept for less than 6 hours had normal blood force per unit area. There was no statistically important difference in the blood force per unit area of pupils from the different academic programmes. Tobacco usage and figure of repasts consumed besides did non demo statistically important association with blood force per unit area. However, there were merely eight baccy users of whom five had pre-hypertension or high blood pressure while among the non users, three were holdi ng pre-hypertension or high blood pressure. Among the participants with BMI & A ; gt ; 30, 66.7 % had pre-hypertension or high blood pressure whereas among those with BMI & A ; lt ; 30, merely 31.5 % were pre-hypertensive or hypertensive. The association between BMI and blood force per unit area was statistically important ( p & A ; lt ; 0.005 ) . The average BMI among those with normal BP was 23.25 with a SD of 4.6, while among those with pre-hypertension or high blood pressure was 27.6 with a SD of 6.5. Table 2 Multivariate logistic arrested development analysis of factors associated with high blood pressureFactorsGroupNumberAdjusted Oddss Ratio95 % CIP valueBody mass index 110 1.14 1.05 – 1.23& A ; lt ; 0.002Gender Female 84 1—Male 26 3.30 1.24 – 8.78& A ; lt ; 0.02Sleep continuance & A ; gt ; 6 hour 70 1—& A ; lt ; 6 hour401.900.78 – 4.64NitrogenFor farther analysis, the important variables from the chi-square trial such as BMI, gender, and sleep continuance were included. Logistic arrested development analysis was performed to happen the petroleum and adjusted odds ratio ( OR ) . BMI was taken every bit uninterrupted variable and gender and sleep continuance as categorical variables. The adjusted odds ratio for BMI was 1.14 which was statistically important. There is 14 % increased opportunity for acquiring pre-hypertension or high blood pressure for a unit addition in BMI. Among the male gender, the adjusted odds ratio was 3.3 which was statistically important. The opportunity of acquiring pre-hypertension and/ or high blood pressure for male gender was 3.3 times more compared to female gender. The petroleum odds ratio for sleep continuance was 2.3 and was statistically important but when adjusted with other factors it was non statistically important. Table 2 shows the inside informations of logistic arrested development analysis.Discussion:Surveies have reported sex differences in BP with males holding higher BP than females during stripling and early adulthood20-21. Smith and Rinderknecht study that older male childs have significantly higher BP than girls22. Kusuma et Al and Schall observed that work forces possess higher BP degrees than females23-24. The present survey besides supports the observation made by other writers in this regard. Gender difference in the infective mechanisms in indispensable high blood pressure is available in the literature. The high prevalence of high blood pressure in younger work forces compared to adult females is explained on the footing of the deficiency of endogenous estrogen. Evidence suggests that estrogen may modulate vascular endothelial map, doing vasodilatation. This may be one ground for adult females holding lower blood force per unit area compared to men25. Previous surveies demonstrated that high blood pressure increased significantly as BMI increased26-29. Srinivasan et al reported that BMI or cardinal adiposeness are the cardinal determiners of high blood force per unit area which appear at an early age. The survey besides emphasizes the function of weight decrease in the bar of hypertension30. A survey conducted among striplings observed that BMI is associated with arterial hypertension31. Reich et al. study that BMI is a strong forecaster of high blood pressure than waist-hip ratio32. Study by Berenson et Al. observed high BMI as one of the strongest hazard factors for hypertension33. The present survey besides supports the observation made by other writers with respect to BMI. Presently, there is small direct grounds to explicate the function of fleshiness in high blood pressure. Davy and Hall point out that high BP in corpulent worlds may be due to higher degree of adiposity34. BMI measures fleshiness and is associated with incre ased arterial stiffness and assorted hemodynamic alterations that may lend to hypertension35-38. Jervase et Al. reported differences in BP between males and females, with males holding higher systolic and diastolic BP than the females. The survey besides observed that gender and BMI were the important determiners of high blood pressure among university students39. A survey by Chirinos et Al. reported that increasing BMI was associated with a significantly increased hazard of high blood pressure and the Odds Ratio for high blood pressure, for every 5-unit addition in BMI, was 1.58. The survey concluded that younger individuals with high blood pressure were more likely to be corpulent compared with older individuals with hypertension40. In the present survey OR for high blood pressure was 1.14, which revealed that for every one unit addition in BMI, the opportunity of high blood pressure is 14 % more, which is similar to the findings of Chirinos et Al. In the present survey, when analyzing the association between BMI and high blood pressure, physical activity may be a contradictory factor, but physical activity was non taken in to account in this survey. There was no association between blood force per unit area and other hazard factors like baccy usage and sleep continuance. With respect to kip continuance, before seting to other confusing variables, the petroleum odds ratio of 2.33 was observed, but the adjusted OR observed was non statistically important. Gangwisch et al41 reported that less sleep continuance significantly increased the hazard of high blood pressure in topics 32 to 59 old ages of age. Gottlieb et al42 observed that sleep continuance per dark is associated with an increased hazard of high blood pressure, which is non supported by the findings of the present survey. This consequence may non be representative of all university pupils as the present survey involves merely one university and the little sample size. T his probe highlights the demand for a countrywide survey among young person.Decision:The consequences of this survey provide an penetration into the apprehension of the association between gender, BMI and blood force per unit area among our entry degree pupils. The consequences may be used to develop messages to raise consciousness about the dangers of high blood force per unit area and its determiners among pupils. This consequence may non be representative of all university pupils as the present survey involves merely one university. This probe highlights the demand for a countrywide survey among young person.

Essay on Slave Ship - 1383 Words

The Slave Ship by Marcus Rediker is a great fiction novel that describes the horrifying experiences of Africans, seamen, and captains on their journey through the Middle Passage. The Middle Passage marked the water way in the Atlantic Ocean between Africa and the Americas. The use of slaves provided a great economy for the European countries due to the fact that these African slaves provided free labor while cultivating sugar cane in the Caribbean and America. Rediker describes the slave migration by saying, â€Å"There exists no account of the mechanism for history’s greatest forced migration, which was in many ways the key to an entire phase of globalization† (10). This tells us that African enslavement to the Americas causes a complete†¦show more content†¦Some Africans did not go without putting up a fight. For instance, Captain Tomba led many villagers â€Å"in burning huts and killing neighbors who cooperated with slave traders† (14). He was later captured and sent to the slave ship where he would be sold in the New World. The slaves also resisted by refusing to eat. Most of them decided they would rather have death than to live the lifestyle on the slave ships. The captains punished those who refused to eat by giving them lashes to the bare skin until they decided to eat. Olaudah Equiano could be considered one of the more fortunate Africans involved in the slave trade. Rediker uses Equiano to show how Africans were kidnapped and brought to the slave ship. Equiano was home alone with his sister when he was snatched by a neighboring enemy tribe. Tribes were kidnapping each other to sell to the slave traders for goods and even weapons. Equiano was separated from his sister and sold off to merchants before actually boarding the slave ship. He mentioned several times how he would rather die than be on the slave ship. He noticed right away that â€Å"the slave ship was equipped with nettings to prevent precisely such desperate rebellion† (109). Equiano went to the Americas and was left alone when none of the merchants purchased him. He was sold to a captain and boarded his ship back to England. On this slave ship, he was treated much better. He got to stay on the deck and eat better food than he hadShow MoreRelatedThe Horrors of a Slave Ship1030 Words   |  5 Pagesof a Slave Ship,† describes in detail, the tragic experiences of Olaudah Equiano as a captive slave. Equiano suffered many sleepless nights; he was flogged and kidnapped multiple times. In the article, the author is trying to give the reader the feeling by giving details of the brutally floggings and desperation as many slaves suffocated to death as they were placed in an overcrowded deck. Overall, the author tries to give readers their point across of the difficulties in being a captive slave. Read MoreThe Slavery Of The Slave Ships1157 Words   |  5 PagesFrom the moment of capture, African men, women and children endured a relentless chain of pain and abuse. Life onboard the slave ships became a constant battle for survival, as the gruesome conditions below the deck presented formidable physical health problems. Burnside describes the African slaves descent into hell: Once aboard the ship, the prisoners entered a frightening new world†¦Whatever miseries they had experienced in Africa were nothing compared to the ordeal they now faced, and howeverRead MoreThe Slave Ship By Marcus Rediker1415 Words   |  6 PagesThe Slave Ship was written by Marcus Rediker and it tells several accounts of the African slave trade as well as the world of the middle passage. The author discusses the nature of the slave ship and the African paths to the middle passage. Rediker also mentions the lives of historical figures (Olaudah Equiano, James Field Stanfield, and John Newton) and the roles that they had during the Atlantic slave trade. For the African captives, the sailors, and captains, the slave ship was seen as a woodenRead MoreThe Slave Ship J.M.W Turner1588 Words   |  7 Pages[pic] The Slave Ship Slavers Overthrowing the Dead and Dying - Typhon coming on (â€Å"The Slave Ship†) Turner, John Mallord William  (1775-1851) Romantic Landscape Painter 1840; Oil on canvas, 90.8 x 122.6 cm; Museum of Fine Arts, Boston Aloft all hands, strike the top-masts and belay; Yon angry setting sun and fierce-edged clouds Declare the Typhons coming. Before it sweeps your decks, throw overboard The dead and dying - neer heed their chains Hope, Hope, fallacious Hope! WhereRead MoreEssay on African Innsurrections on Board Slave Ships1575 Words   |  7 Pagesus saying to another one of his kind that it was just a few days again before we reached the vessel on the coast line. At this point I realized what was taking place. I had been captured and was going to be sold to the white face men to become his slave. 18th January 1610 8:00am I could see the coast line and the vessel that he guards were speaking about a few days back. I couldn’t believe that this was going to be the last time I would see the land of my birth and my family. We had reached theRead Moreâ€Å"The Slave Ship: A Human History† Written By Marcus Rediker1903 Words   |  8 Pagesâ€Å"The Slave Ship: A Human History† written by Marcus Rediker describes the horrifying experiences of Africans, and captains, and ship crewmen on their journey through the Middle Passage, the water way in the Atlantic Ocean between Africa and the Americas. The use of slaves to cultivate crops in the Caribbean and America offered a great economy for the European countries by providing â€Å"free† labor and provided immense wealth for the Europeans. Rediker describes the slave migration by saying, â€Å"ThereRead MoreSlave Ship Creole1439 Words   |  6 Pagesjournal article, ‘The Revolt On The Slave Ship Creole: Popular resistance to slavery in post-emancipation Nassau’ was written by Edward Eden. Dr. Edward Eden is a professor of English at Hanover College, Indiana, U.S.A. This article was taken from the ‘Journal of the Bahamas Historical Society, October 2000,’ pages 13 through 20.’ As penned by the author the main purpose of this article is to familiarize its Bahamian readers with the revolt on the slave ship Creole in an effort to solicit sourcesRead MoreSlave Ship Analysis844 Words   |  4 Pages Slave Ship Karl Volkmar Western Governors Universityâ€Æ' Slave Ship Slave Ship was painted by J.M.W. Turner in the year 1840. At first glance, the sky and the ship in the background stood out to me above all else. The intensity of the brushstrokes and the colors of the sunlight set the stage for the powerful scene in the water. Between the strong waves in the water and the hands reaching out in desperation, this painting truly captures the horrors of the ships used to transport slaves. One aspectRead MoreThe Slave Ship And Hokusai s The Great Wave Off Kanagawa2024 Words   |  9 Pages In the Turner’s The Slave Ship and Hokusai’s The Great Wave off Kanagawa, the two artists use the complexity and versatility of the ocean to display important events and ideas of the time period. Through the use of different artistic techniques, these two artists are able to capture similar settings in very different ways with very different meanings. Around the age of six years old, Hokusai began painting and even spent time as an apprentice wood-carver in his youth. He began the art of printRead MoreHorrors of a Slave Ship Essay853 Words   |  4 PagesJill Knierim The Horrors of a Slave Ship History 1301-Villarreal Due Date: 3/8/13 The article, The Horrors of a Slave Ship, is first person point of view account of the capturing of Olaudah Equiano. He tells the story of how he was captured from his home while his parents were away to be used as a slave. The article starts off with Olaudah and his sister being captured while their parents were away. They were taken into the woods, tied up, and forced to travel bound without food. After